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¿Qué desarrollo puede llamarse sostenible en el siglo XXI? La cuestión de los límites y las necesidades humanas

Authors

Antonio Elizalde HeviaSalto de línea Universidad Bolivariana Santiago de Chile, Chile.

Abstract

What can be considered sustainable development in the twenty first century? The question of limits and human needsSalto de línea Salto de línea The article aims to discuss the alleged rationality of the defenders of the current model of accumulation by suggesting the need for a debate at the level of ideas. The ideas of limits and sustainability are presented as strong concepts to confront the imaginary constructed by the idea of infinite abundance. Then the state of art of the debate over the concept of sustainability is presented: its various interpretations and the political conflict which lies behind them. Naess’s distinction between superficial and deep ecology along with Riechmann’s negationist alternatives regarding the environmental problem arealso stated. The article also briefly presents some of the main propositions to confront the environmental crisis: green capitalism, dematerialisation, decreasement, biomimesis, Sumak Kausay, ethics of consumption, the downing principle and ending with the proposal of the necessary articulation between solidarity economy and sustainable development as well as with the identification of which should be the essential elements of both proposals. The article concludes by outlining some of the key values to which our present culture should evolve.

Keywords

Limits, sustainability, growth, development, solidarity economy, sustainable development, consumption, quality of life, values.

Resumen

El artículo busca poner en discusión la presunta racionalidad de los defensores del modelo de acumulación vigente planteando la necesidad de un debate en el plano de las ideas. Se presentan las ideas de límites y de sostenibilidad, como ideas fuerza para confrontar el imaginario construido por la idea de la abundancia infinita. A continuación se intenta presentar el estado del arte del debate en torno al concepto de sostenibilidad: sus distintas lecturas y el conflicto político que hay detrás de ellas. Se presenta la distinción hecha por Naess entre ecología superficial y profunda, así como la identificación realizada por Riechmann de lo que él llama alternativas negacionistas frente al problema ambiental. Asimismo se presentan resumidamente algunas de las principales propuestas para enfrentar la crisis ambiental: el capitalismo verde, la desmaterialización, el decrecimiento, la biomímesis, el Sumak Kausay, la ética del consumo, el principio de abajamiento, concluyendo en la propuesta de la necesaria articulación entre la economía solidaria y el desarrollo sostenible buscando identificar cuáles deberían ser los elementos constitutivos esenciales de ambas propuestas. El artículo termina esbozando algunos de los principales valores hacia los cuales será necesario que transite nuestra actual cultura.

Palabras clave

Límites, sostenibilidad, crecimiento, desarrollo, economía solidaria, desarrollo sostenible, consumo, buen vivir, valores.<h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>What can be considered sustainable development in the twenty first century? The question of limits and human needs</strong><br /> <br /> The article aims to discuss the alleged rationality of the defenders of the current model of accumulation by suggesting the need for a debate at the level of ideas. The ideas of limits and sustainability are presented as strong concepts to confront the imaginary constructed by the idea of infinite abundance. Then the state of art of the debate over the concept of sustainability is presented: its various interpretations and the political conflict which lies behind them. Naess&rsquo;s distinction between superficial and deep ecology along with Riechmann&rsquo;s negationist alternatives regarding the environmental problem arealso stated. The article also briefly presents some of the main propositions to confront the environmental crisis: green capitalism, dematerialisation, decreasement, biomimesis, <em>Sumak Kausay</em>, ethics of consumption, the downing principle and ending with the proposal of the necessary articulation between solidarity economy and sustainable development as well as with the identification of which should be the essential elements of both proposals. The article concludes by outlining some of the key values to which our present culture should evolve.</p>

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